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                  <date type="datePub">2008</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2008-12-17</date>
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              <idno type="doi">10.1186/1471-2164-9-611</idno>
              <idno type="prodinra">29418</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">19091074</idno>
              <idno type="wos">000263109500001</idno>
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            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
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            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="fr">TRANSCRIPTOME</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr"> FOIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">GALLUS GALLUS</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">POULET</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">REGULATION</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">LIPIDE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">EXPRESSION GENIQUE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">GENE</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Animals</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Chickens</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Lipid Metabolism</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Liver</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Male</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Principal Component Analysis</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Transcription, Genetic</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Cluster Analysis</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Energy Metabolism</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Food Deprivation</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Gene Expression</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Gene Expression Profiling</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.gen.ga">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="poulet">poulet</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="transcriptome">transcriptome</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="gène">gène</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="expression génique">expression génique</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="lipide">lipide</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="régulation">régulation</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="gallus gallus">gallus gallus</classCode>
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              <p>BACKGROUND: Starvation triggers a complex array of adaptative metabolic responses including energy-metabolic responses, a process which must imply tissue specific alterations in gene expression and in which the liver plays a central role. The present study aimed to describe the evolution of global gene expression profiles in liver of 4-week-old male chickens during a 48 h fasting period using a chicken 20 K oligoarray. RESULTS: A large number of genes were modulated by fasting (3532 genes with a pvalue corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg &lt; 0.01); 2062 showed an amplitude of variation higher than +/- 40% among those, 1162 presented an human ortholog, allowing to collect functional information. Notably more genes were down-regulated than up-regulated, whatever the duration of fasting (16 h or 48 h). The number of genes differentially expressed after 48 h of fasting was 3.5-fold higher than after 16 h of fasting. Four clusters of co-expressed genes were identified by a hierarchical cluster analysis. Gene Ontology, KEGG and Ingenuity databases were then used to identify the metabolic processes associated to each cluster. After 16 h of fasting, genes involved in ketogenesis, gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial or peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation, were up-regulated (cluster-1) whereas genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis were down-regulated (cluster-2). For all genes tested, the microarray data was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Most genes were altered by fasting as already reported in mammals. A notable exception was the HMG-CoA synthase 1 gene, which was up-regulated following 16 and 48 h of fasting while the other genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were down-regulated as reported in mammalian studies. We further focused on genes not represented on the microarray and candidates for the regulation of the target genes belonging to cluster-1 and -2 and involved in lipid metabolism. Data are provided concerning PPARa, SREBP1, SREBP2, NR1H3 transcription factors and two desaturases (FADS1, FADS2). CONCLUSION: This study evidences numerous genes altered by starvation in chickens and suggests a global repression of cellular activity in response to this stressor. The central role of lipid and acetyl-CoA metabolisms and its regulation at transcriptional level are confirmed in chicken liver in response to short-term fasting. Interesting expression modulations were observed for NR1H3, FADS1 and FADS2 genes. Further studies are needed to precise their role in the complex regulatory network controlling lipid metabolism.</p>
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